The
purpose of electronic circuits is to control the flow of electric
currents, it has been found experimentally that the intensity of
various electrical effects is related to the amount of the charge
that passes by a certain region per unit time. By controlling this
amount we can vary the intensity of these effects. That's why this
quantity , which is called the current, presents a special interest
in engineering.
In
practice, the flow of the current can be controlled by various
electronic components. A network of interconnected components that
can accomplish a certain task is referred to as electronic
circuit.
The current can be measured by an ammeter. A voltmeter can be just an ammeter with a series-connected high-value resistor through which the current proportional to the measured voltage is forced to flow.
Impedance by definition is the ratio of the voltage to the current. Components in a circuit can be connected in series or in parallel With series connection, the same current flows through all elements and impedances add up. With parallel connection the same voltage is applied to all elements and conductances add up. In both cases the location of any element in the chain does not matter
Every circuit design starts with the development of a schematic. A schematic diagram is a drawing where components are represented by graphical symbols and that can communicate information about a circuit.
Before starting to find the problem on the motherboard we will try to implement the symbol and layout components contained / schematic diagram depicted on the motherboard, so we understand where the portion referred to in the diagram on the motherboard. This tutorial should turn you into a fully literate schematic reader! We’ll go over all of the fundamental schematic symbols:
The current can be measured by an ammeter. A voltmeter can be just an ammeter with a series-connected high-value resistor through which the current proportional to the measured voltage is forced to flow.
Impedance by definition is the ratio of the voltage to the current. Components in a circuit can be connected in series or in parallel With series connection, the same current flows through all elements and impedances add up. With parallel connection the same voltage is applied to all elements and conductances add up. In both cases the location of any element in the chain does not matter
Every circuit design starts with the development of a schematic. A schematic diagram is a drawing where components are represented by graphical symbols and that can communicate information about a circuit.
Before starting to find the problem on the motherboard we will try to implement the symbol and layout components contained / schematic diagram depicted on the motherboard, so we understand where the portion referred to in the diagram on the motherboard. This tutorial should turn you into a fully literate schematic reader! We’ll go over all of the fundamental schematic symbols:
Understand
the electronic language. There will be a variety of schematic symbols
on the schematic that represent real world devices and wires. A basic
understanding of these symbols is required to read a schematic.
Understand
ground. Ground is represented by either a triangle pointing down or a
set of parallel lines that become shorter as they appear below each
other, in effect representing the inner area of the triangle pointing
down. Ground is a common reference point that schematics use to show
the overall unity of the various functions of the circuit. It does
not refer to the actual ground of the earth.
A line represents a wire. Wires are used to connect the devices together. All points along the wire are identical and connected. Wires may cross each other on a schematic, but that does not necessarily mean that they connect. If they do not connect, one will be shown looping around the other in a semicircle. If they do connect, they will cross and a dot will be seen at the point where the lines cross.
Resistor is represented by a zigzag shape. Resistors act to impede the flow of the circuit to an extent determined by the resistance value used. They are used to scale and shape the signal.
The voltage drop across a resistor is equal to the current flowing through it times the value of the resistor (V=IR). This allows the classic use of resistor to divide down a voltage. If a voltage source is applied to two consecutive resistors of the same value, the voltage created at the point between the two resistors will be half of the original voltage applied.
Capacitors are represented by two parallel lines. Capacitors are used to condition rapidly changing signals, as opposed to the static or slower changing signals that are conditioned by resistors. The traditional use of capacitors in modern circuits is to draw noise, which is inherently a rapidly changing signal, away from the signal of interest and drain it away to ground.
The non standard symbols will be of a geometric shape, usually a rectangle, with a device indicator number in or beside the shape. The indicator number should be Uxx. Wherever a wire contacts the device, there will be a number indicated at the connection point. This number is the pin number of the device.
A line represents a wire. Wires are used to connect the devices together. All points along the wire are identical and connected. Wires may cross each other on a schematic, but that does not necessarily mean that they connect. If they do not connect, one will be shown looping around the other in a semicircle. If they do connect, they will cross and a dot will be seen at the point where the lines cross.
Resistor is represented by a zigzag shape. Resistors act to impede the flow of the circuit to an extent determined by the resistance value used. They are used to scale and shape the signal.
The voltage drop across a resistor is equal to the current flowing through it times the value of the resistor (V=IR). This allows the classic use of resistor to divide down a voltage. If a voltage source is applied to two consecutive resistors of the same value, the voltage created at the point between the two resistors will be half of the original voltage applied.
Capacitors are represented by two parallel lines. Capacitors are used to condition rapidly changing signals, as opposed to the static or slower changing signals that are conditioned by resistors. The traditional use of capacitors in modern circuits is to draw noise, which is inherently a rapidly changing signal, away from the signal of interest and drain it away to ground.
The non standard symbols will be of a geometric shape, usually a rectangle, with a device indicator number in or beside the shape. The indicator number should be Uxx. Wherever a wire contacts the device, there will be a number indicated at the connection point. This number is the pin number of the device.
Electronic
devices are normally assembled on printed circuit boards (PCBs) that
mechanically support and electrically interconnect parts by using
conductive traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto an
isolating substrate. The size of the traces is calculated based on
their current-carrying capacity and acceptable impedance.
Make sure printed circuit board code number recognized to get same number of schematic diagram applied .
This a ling of sample PCB code number:
Make sure printed circuit board code number recognized to get same number of schematic diagram applied .
This a ling of sample PCB code number:
Electric
current is the number of electrons (electric charge) that flows
through a point in the electrical circuit per unit time. electric
current flows from the positive pole to the negative pole, it is
because the positive pole has a higher potential than the negative
pole.
Voltage
is a potential difference that difference is the number of electrons
in a material. On the one hand there are electrons accumulate
material while on the other side there is the number of electrons
were slightly. This is due to the magnetic force affecting the
material. In other words, the material into an electric voltage. The
magnitude of the effect of the electric current depends on the
magnitude of the difference of electrons collected in a material
(potential difference) .
Schematics are the maps that provide guidance on the assembly and functioning of an electronic circuit. Without a schematic, only an undocumented mass of devices and wires would be presented to the user or designer. A schematic allows the user or designer to understand the circuit function and become familiar with how the desired effect of the electronic circuit is achieved.. When we open the schematic , we will find the contents of the index circuit components, directions and connections between components, the manufacturer's standard voltage, power sequences ,voltage rail to enhance their production and new problems are known at the time the product is already in the market.
At the beginning of the index page describes the details of the pages on the circuit that allows us to look for problem areas happened on the motherboard.
Schematics are the maps that provide guidance on the assembly and functioning of an electronic circuit. Without a schematic, only an undocumented mass of devices and wires would be presented to the user or designer. A schematic allows the user or designer to understand the circuit function and become familiar with how the desired effect of the electronic circuit is achieved.. When we open the schematic , we will find the contents of the index circuit components, directions and connections between components, the manufacturer's standard voltage, power sequences ,voltage rail to enhance their production and new problems are known at the time the product is already in the market.
At the beginning of the index page describes the details of the pages on the circuit that allows us to look for problem areas happened on the motherboard.
Names
and Values
Values help define exactly what a component is. For schematic components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors the value tells us how many ohms, farads, or henries they have. For other components, like integrated circuits, the value may just be the name of the chip. Crystals might list their oscillating frequency as their value. Basically, the value of a schematic component calls out its most important characteristic.
Component names are usually a combination of one or two letters and a number. The letter part of the name identifies the type of component – R’s for resistors, C’s for capacitors, U’s for integrated circuits, etc. Each component name on a schematic should be unique; if you have multiple resistors in a circuit, for example, they should be named R1, R2, R3, etc. Component names help us reference specific points in schematics.
The prefixes of names are pretty well standardized. For some components, like resistors, the prefix is just the first letter of the component. Other name prefixes are not so literal; inductors, for example, are L’s (because current has already taken I [but it starts with a C…electronics is a silly place]). Here’s a quick table of common components and their name prefixes:
Values help define exactly what a component is. For schematic components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors the value tells us how many ohms, farads, or henries they have. For other components, like integrated circuits, the value may just be the name of the chip. Crystals might list their oscillating frequency as their value. Basically, the value of a schematic component calls out its most important characteristic.
Component names are usually a combination of one or two letters and a number. The letter part of the name identifies the type of component – R’s for resistors, C’s for capacitors, U’s for integrated circuits, etc. Each component name on a schematic should be unique; if you have multiple resistors in a circuit, for example, they should be named R1, R2, R3, etc. Component names help us reference specific points in schematics.
The prefixes of names are pretty well standardized. For some components, like resistors, the prefix is just the first letter of the component. Other name prefixes are not so literal; inductors, for example, are L’s (because current has already taken I [but it starts with a C…electronics is a silly place]). Here’s a quick table of common components and their name prefixes:
Identify
Blocks
Truly expansive schematics should be split into functional blocks. There might be a section for power input and voltage regulation, or a microcontroller section, or a section devoted to connectors. Try recognizing which sections are which, and following the flow of circuit from input to output. Really good schematic designers might even lay the circuit out like a book, inputs on the left side, outputs on the right.
Truly expansive schematics should be split into functional blocks. There might be a section for power input and voltage regulation, or a microcontroller section, or a section devoted to connectors. Try recognizing which sections are which, and following the flow of circuit from input to output. Really good schematic designers might even lay the circuit out like a book, inputs on the left side, outputs on the right.
The
composition of the layout of the diagram are arranged horizontally,
so it will look a little different to that of the actual motherboard
on hand .dimension can be referred to in the diagram components side
by side, it was in fact located on the opposite, or being away from
that we need pay attention to the same component layout code in the
diagram and the motherboard in order to understand the components in
question by the diagram
Here we will look at the illustrations, how do I find the layout of the components based on the location code, symbols, components and circuit line either as a power supply or data interface.
Here we will look at the illustrations, how do I find the layout of the components based on the location code, symbols, components and circuit line either as a power supply or data interface.
If
the problem refers to the power module then we can assume that the ic
/ chip related to power problems. there are a lot of ic / chips on
the motherboard power supply support ,that is also called the power
modul. Knowing the circuit groups and chip power source supply,we
have narrowed down the search area problematic components. voltage
and resistance information mentioned .
components in the page described the relationship between components and voltage standards requested by the motherboard to run normally. do measurements on components, if we find there is one component that does not emit voltage or does not meet the demand in the schema, then we assume that the component is faulty / short or broken. do the replacement and re-do the measurement.
components in the page described the relationship between components and voltage standards requested by the motherboard to run normally. do measurements on components, if we find there is one component that does not emit voltage or does not meet the demand in the schema, then we assume that the component is faulty / short or broken. do the replacement and re-do the measurement.
Follow
this simple Voltage flow on VALW section to requirement Power supply
needs on General Laptop Motherboard...
commond
problem of missing ADP Voltage due over voltage protection:
ADP+
source for SMPS 3 and 5 V system :
Input
Source for TPS 51125 :
Input
/output Source for ISL 6237 :
How
SMPS dc/dc work with N Chanel Mosfet to get 3V and 5V :
General
Laptop Power Supply diagram (VALW section of ADP+,+3V,+5V) as a
Voltage requierment circuit to life :
To
get more understand look at the sample power sequences here :
and
here :
sample
of motherboard design circuit here :
Sample
of Troubleshoot here :
VS
is the voltage that appears after swicht on.This section activate
after S5_ON ,EC and bios chip powered well and surely both firmware
working.
This is General power system needs to running for all VS power rail
This is General power system needs to running for all VS power rail
LAPTOP
MOTHERBOARD SYSTEM SWITCHING
Laptop requirements in order to switch on first are the availability of 3V and 5VALW. Careful when finding 5VALW missing , switched on first cause of several motherboard, 5VALW appear after switch on .Than 3V_ALW or 3VPCU provide power supply to the EC , BIOS IC , South Bridge ( SB ) , clock generator and oscylator on ALW voltage .
VSB or swuitch voltage button (3.3V) will appear after Bios and EC powered. some of laptop motherboard will found 17V switch voltage on one of pin switch button but after switch -on voltage is changed to be 3.3 V.This is normal. Press power button ( short to ground ) then 3.3VSB will turn into 0V and back to 3.3V.and if standby VSB 17V press power button VSB become 0V and back to 3.3V. than power button is a good sign . steps further is the signal being sent to the EC ( Embedded controller NPCE 885LAODX ) signal names is NBSWON # most other brands of EC signal name may SW_ON, EC_ON or whatever name of the signal as long as signal coming from SW1 sent to EC , this voltage must respond in the same manner of testing power button , BIOS IC and firmware connected to SPI interface to the EC .Signal confirmation to ensure EC BIOS working properly is RSMRST # for3.3V.RSMRST# signal sometimes appear after switch on and other motherboard without switch on 3.3 V already present .Modern Motherboard has 2 or 3 IC BIOS. Identified EC BIOS which is usually one-page schema with EC names EC BIOS.
Other important signal from EC is DNBSWON # ,this is PWR_BTN signal to switch on South bridge sent by the EC after receiving NBSWON # signal from power button . DNBSWON # 3.3V must be present otherwise it would not switch on , after this signal appears then the SB will sent SUSCLK # signal back to the EC and turn on VS as trigger for all switching gate driver as VR_ON , Suson , MAINON , S5_ON or SLP_S3 , SLP_S4 and SLP_S5 . and for all the Vs voltage to the Device .
Laptop requirements in order to switch on first are the availability of 3V and 5VALW. Careful when finding 5VALW missing , switched on first cause of several motherboard, 5VALW appear after switch on .Than 3V_ALW or 3VPCU provide power supply to the EC , BIOS IC , South Bridge ( SB ) , clock generator and oscylator on ALW voltage .
VSB or swuitch voltage button (3.3V) will appear after Bios and EC powered. some of laptop motherboard will found 17V switch voltage on one of pin switch button but after switch -on voltage is changed to be 3.3 V.This is normal. Press power button ( short to ground ) then 3.3VSB will turn into 0V and back to 3.3V.and if standby VSB 17V press power button VSB become 0V and back to 3.3V. than power button is a good sign . steps further is the signal being sent to the EC ( Embedded controller NPCE 885LAODX ) signal names is NBSWON # most other brands of EC signal name may SW_ON, EC_ON or whatever name of the signal as long as signal coming from SW1 sent to EC , this voltage must respond in the same manner of testing power button , BIOS IC and firmware connected to SPI interface to the EC .Signal confirmation to ensure EC BIOS working properly is RSMRST # for3.3V.RSMRST# signal sometimes appear after switch on and other motherboard without switch on 3.3 V already present .Modern Motherboard has 2 or 3 IC BIOS. Identified EC BIOS which is usually one-page schema with EC names EC BIOS.
Other important signal from EC is DNBSWON # ,this is PWR_BTN signal to switch on South bridge sent by the EC after receiving NBSWON # signal from power button . DNBSWON # 3.3V must be present otherwise it would not switch on , after this signal appears then the SB will sent SUSCLK # signal back to the EC and turn on VS as trigger for all switching gate driver as VR_ON , Suson , MAINON , S5_ON or SLP_S3 , SLP_S4 and SLP_S5 . and for all the Vs voltage to the Device .
How
switching system work on Laptop motherboard :
How
switching signal work with EC and Southbridge and measuring point to
get know if there are missing voltage and enable signal :
VS
voltage magnitudes can be seen in the schema motherboard in question
(VS voltage rail).
Sample
troubleshoot no switch problem here :
VS
for Strap Boot device:
1.Procesor (VCCORE) rail voltage 0.9 V-1.5V
2.Ram (VCCRAM) Voltage 1.8V rail for DDR2, DDR3 VTT 1.5 V to 08V-0, 99V
3.Vga chips and input / output control, hub chip (VCCP) 1.5v rail voltage, 1.8 V, 3v
1.Procesor (VCCORE) rail voltage 0.9 V-1.5V
2.Ram (VCCRAM) Voltage 1.8V rail for DDR2, DDR3 VTT 1.5 V to 08V-0, 99V
3.Vga chips and input / output control, hub chip (VCCP) 1.5v rail voltage, 1.8 V, 3v
VS
to Device (Lcd / led, hdd, optical, usb, wifi, bloutooth, keyboard,
sound, camera etc.) For details on each Rail Voltage VS can be seen
in the schema and Datasheet motherboard and components as well as the
device in question.
Signal
the wave triger / Sensor / 2-way confirmation signal / data
interface
signal function open / close gate charge of organizing stages enable / disable each component or PCI (Peripheral commucition interface). Microcontroller System signal is governed by where the manufacturer has made a firmware binary command to set logic gate interface and low count pin into each IC bios on each motherboard.
Differences sircuit and arrangement on the motherboard of course require different settings Microcontroller, so that each of each different motherboard brand and series firmaware will necessarily require different settings.
This system can accept input signal, process it and deliver the output signal in accordance with the program in the contents into it.Microcontroller input signal derived from the sensor information from the environment (discrete) while the output signal addressed to the actuator (an electronic circuit for moving or controlling a mechanism or system) then give effect to the environment.
The microcontroller can easily analogized as the brain of a device / product that is programmed to be able to interact with the surrounding environment, embedded system is often referred to as the control systems that are embedded in a product.
Embedded System can not stand Alone
Microcontroller need to trigger the CPU clock oscillator working on one instruction to the next instruction in microcontroller operation time of one or several clock cycles to run.
There are several types of memory found in the microcontroller, ROM (ReadOnly Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory). ROM is used as storage firmware while in modern electronic circuit use type EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). CPU, memory, clock oscillator, and I / O are in one integrated circuit. If some elements omitted, then the system can not work.
Unlike the simple Embedded controller, microcontroller on sircuit LaptopMotherboard more complex embedded systems which have an external rom called the BIOS IC separate even they actually are part inseparable
signal function open / close gate charge of organizing stages enable / disable each component or PCI (Peripheral commucition interface). Microcontroller System signal is governed by where the manufacturer has made a firmware binary command to set logic gate interface and low count pin into each IC bios on each motherboard.
Differences sircuit and arrangement on the motherboard of course require different settings Microcontroller, so that each of each different motherboard brand and series firmaware will necessarily require different settings.
This system can accept input signal, process it and deliver the output signal in accordance with the program in the contents into it.Microcontroller input signal derived from the sensor information from the environment (discrete) while the output signal addressed to the actuator (an electronic circuit for moving or controlling a mechanism or system) then give effect to the environment.
The microcontroller can easily analogized as the brain of a device / product that is programmed to be able to interact with the surrounding environment, embedded system is often referred to as the control systems that are embedded in a product.
Embedded System can not stand Alone
Microcontroller need to trigger the CPU clock oscillator working on one instruction to the next instruction in microcontroller operation time of one or several clock cycles to run.
There are several types of memory found in the microcontroller, ROM (ReadOnly Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory). ROM is used as storage firmware while in modern electronic circuit use type EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). CPU, memory, clock oscillator, and I / O are in one integrated circuit. If some elements omitted, then the system can not work.
Unlike the simple Embedded controller, microcontroller on sircuit LaptopMotherboard more complex embedded systems which have an external rom called the BIOS IC separate even they actually are part inseparable
Microcontroll
Microcontroller is a microprocessor system SET contained in a chip. Contains components of the system supporting the microprocessor, memory and interface provider (interface) Input output controller, the difference with the microprocessor usually only contains the CPU alone. (Except Sandybridge CPU).
Microcontroller is a microprocessor system SET contained in a chip. Contains components of the system supporting the microprocessor, memory and interface provider (interface) Input output controller, the difference with the microprocessor usually only contains the CPU alone. (Except Sandybridge CPU).
Significant
difference between microprocessor and microcontroller is, a
microprocessor CPU (Central Processing Unit) with no memory and I / O
support, while the microcontroller consists of a CPU, memory, I / O
specific and supporting units, for example Analogto Digital Converter
(ADC) that have been integrated in the microcontroller.
This
system can accept input signal, process it and deliver the output
signal in accordance with the program in the contents into it.
Microcontroller
input signal derived from the sensor information from the environment
(discrete) while the output signal addressed to the actuator (an
electronic circuit for moving or controlling a mechanism or system)
then give effect to the environment.
Easily
the microcontroller can be analogized as the brain of a device /
product that is programmed to be able to interact with the
surrounding environment, as prescribed by the microcontroller .The
system is often referred to as embeddedsystem control systems that
are embedded in a product.
Bios
chip as firmware storage to run microcontroller
Modern
Laptop circuit have 2 Bios Chip to stored saparated Embedded
controler firmware and PCH (southbridge) Firmware .
EC Bios rom size usualy smaler than Main Bios,This Bios chip stored a firmware to run microcontroler on Embedded controler (SIO) this firmware controlling Power management including switching system and Sleep state .
Embedded controler is a computer inside the chip ,to get runing this EC need firmware that we call EC bios file (firmware).Signal confirmation power OK name RSMRST.
EC Bios rom size usualy smaler than Main Bios,This Bios chip stored a firmware to run microcontroler on Embedded controler (SIO) this firmware controlling Power management including switching system and Sleep state .
Embedded controler is a computer inside the chip ,to get runing this EC need firmware that we call EC bios file (firmware).Signal confirmation power OK name RSMRST.
See
the diagram below to get more detil :
Main
Bios is a firmware to run Southbridge most main function are running
LPC Bus interface.
with the programming commands that are already regulated by inter-IO interface available with programming sircuit The difference arrangement will cause the system to malfunction.The storage capacity of the ROM is also much larger so that programming is more detailed and complex to do.
with the programming commands that are already regulated by inter-IO interface available with programming sircuit The difference arrangement will cause the system to malfunction.The storage capacity of the ROM is also much larger so that programming is more detailed and complex to do.
and
How Main Bios connected to PCH here :
Knowing
Bios Chip and how they work on this link :
Bios
Chip reprograme with bios programer here :
Service
log is made by technicians to make a record of faulty motherboard
electricity and signal system , every single voltage and signal
measurement are notice in this log .To narrow the search of missing
voltage and signal, divide by checking symptom of faulty to be
:
1.Dead motherboard
no led indicator at all, no fan moving ,no power .This motherboard require an adapter voltage (12V_15V_16V_18.5V_19V_20V) also 3V and 5V to completely VALW power in this link :
1.Dead motherboard
no led indicator at all, no fan moving ,no power .This motherboard require an adapter voltage (12V_15V_16V_18.5V_19V_20V) also 3V and 5V to completely VALW power in this link :
How
use PSU to find shorted componen on circuit on this link :
How
to found shorted component here :
ANALYSES
PROCEDURE NO POST PROBLEM ON CIRCUIT
First thing to do is Power Drain ,remove battery pack,with out power adapter push Power switch button for 30~50 second to realist EMI inductions .get the power try to boot up again.
If still no response ,follow stepping procedure below :...
First thing to do is Power Drain ,remove battery pack,with out power adapter push Power switch button for 30~50 second to realist EMI inductions .get the power try to boot up again.
If still no response ,follow stepping procedure below :...
Intermittent
in electronic repair definition means sometimes equipment will work
and sometimes not . Intermittent problems can occur in any conductor
and in every electronic circuit . If you found error ( for example ,
sometimes display sometimes not ) Laptop work properly throughout the
day without any problems and can last for a day and did not have a
chance to see the error .
See
the detil how to found and fix intermitten foult here :
Ready
to practice ...?
Get
schematic colection here :
Minimum
Tools that a Profesional technician need here :
Major
Laptop motherboard component here :
Overal
General motherboard working system here :
How
to make service log by following the symptom :
Beside
using a multitester to measure Voltage rails need ,we also using
Regulater Power Supply to monitoring current usage on no display
issues.Event they have variation amount of current usage we could
identified however Southbridge already runing on specific current
usage .
The Southbridge is an integrated circuit on the motherboard that is responsible for the hard drive controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware such as sound card, video card if present on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA, IDE, BIOS, and Ethernet. The southbridge gets its name for commonly being South of the PCI bus. The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture
For more detil check the shoutbridge link on this page :
The Southbridge is an integrated circuit on the motherboard that is responsible for the hard drive controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware such as sound card, video card if present on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA, IDE, BIOS, and Ethernet. The southbridge gets its name for commonly being South of the PCI bus. The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture
For more detil check the shoutbridge link on this page :
Hand
shake bettwen CPU-SB and clock generator on this link :
SB
Power Button Timing
see how EC powering SB by sending pwr_on signal here:
see how EC powering SB by sending pwr_on signal here:
The
SB controls the system reset signal timings, which are provided in
this section.
ROMRST#
ROMRST# is used for resetting the LPC system ROM. The SB generates ROMRST# and
controls the required timing for this signal. Depending on the system configuration, the timing of
ROMRST# may be referenced to RSMRST# or A_RST#. Enabling the Embedded Controller
(EC) will force the SB to deassert ROMRST# with respect to RSMRST#. This allows the EC to
access the ROM before the system access cycle begins.
The ROMRST# timing is shown with respect to RSMRST# and A_RST#
indicates the timing value that are applicable to each platform configuration.
ROMRST#
ROMRST# is used for resetting the LPC system ROM. The SB generates ROMRST# and
controls the required timing for this signal. Depending on the system configuration, the timing of
ROMRST# may be referenced to RSMRST# or A_RST#. Enabling the Embedded Controller
(EC) will force the SB to deassert ROMRST# with respect to RSMRST#. This allows the EC to
access the ROM before the system access cycle begins.
The ROMRST# timing is shown with respect to RSMRST# and A_RST#
indicates the timing value that are applicable to each platform configuration.
see
how S3_S5 runing on EC after SUSB and SUSC sent back to EC here :
Hand
shake beetwen Clk_Gen with CPU and ICH
operates at a very small current. Care must be taken when working with this circuit.
To ensure the accuracy of the ICH/PCH RTC circuit for each specific board design and
RTC circuit layout, the external load capacitance should be optimized by choosing
correct values of the tuning fork capacitors C1/C2.
The occurrence of time-loss under environmental stress conditions is dependent on
motherboard factors (cleanliness, discrete component characteristics, layout, fork
capacitor values), and condensation. If time-loss is observed on your system, check all
of the sources of inaccuracy listed in this document to improve immunity of the internal
ICH/PCH oscillator to time loss.
operates at a very small current. Care must be taken when working with this circuit.
To ensure the accuracy of the ICH/PCH RTC circuit for each specific board design and
RTC circuit layout, the external load capacitance should be optimized by choosing
correct values of the tuning fork capacitors C1/C2.
The occurrence of time-loss under environmental stress conditions is dependent on
motherboard factors (cleanliness, discrete component characteristics, layout, fork
capacitor values), and condensation. If time-loss is observed on your system, check all
of the sources of inaccuracy listed in this document to improve immunity of the internal
ICH/PCH oscillator to time loss.
Functional
Block RTC
Real Time Clock
The Real Time Clock (RTC) updates the computer’s time and generates interrupts for periodic
events and pre-set alarm. The RTC also makes hardware leap year corrections. The SB’s RTC
includes a 256-byte CMOS RAM, which is used to store the configuration of a computer such as
the number and type of disk drive, graphics adapter, base memory, checksum value, etc.
Functional Blocks of RTC
The internal RTC is made of two parts—one part is an analog circuit, powered by a battery
VBAT, and the other is a digital circuit, powered by a main power VDD. Figure 1show the
block diagram of the internal RTC. The SB has added hardware-based daylight saving feature
and makes adjustments (spring forward or fall back) at the designated dates/times.
Both the dateand hour for the daylight and standard time are fully programmable, allowing for differentdaylight saving dates and hours for different parts of the world.
operates at a very small current. Care must be taken when working with this circuit.
To ensure the accuracy of the ICH/PCH RTC circuit for each specific board design and
RTC circuit layout, the external load capacitance should be optimized by choosing
correct values of the tuning fork capacitors C1/C2.
The occurrence of time-loss under environmental stress conditions is dependent on
motherboard factors (cleanliness, discrete component characteristics, layout, fork
capacitor values), and condensation. If time-loss is observed on your system, check all
of the sources of inaccuracy listed in this document to improve immunity of the internal
ICH/PCH oscillator to time loss.
Real Time Clock
The Real Time Clock (RTC) updates the computer’s time and generates interrupts for periodic
events and pre-set alarm. The RTC also makes hardware leap year corrections. The SB’s RTC
includes a 256-byte CMOS RAM, which is used to store the configuration of a computer such as
the number and type of disk drive, graphics adapter, base memory, checksum value, etc.
Functional Blocks of RTC
The internal RTC is made of two parts—one part is an analog circuit, powered by a battery
VBAT, and the other is a digital circuit, powered by a main power VDD. Figure 1show the
block diagram of the internal RTC. The SB has added hardware-based daylight saving feature
and makes adjustments (spring forward or fall back) at the designated dates/times.
Both the dateand hour for the daylight and standard time are fully programmable, allowing for differentdaylight saving dates and hours for different parts of the world.
operates at a very small current. Care must be taken when working with this circuit.
To ensure the accuracy of the ICH/PCH RTC circuit for each specific board design and
RTC circuit layout, the external load capacitance should be optimized by choosing
correct values of the tuning fork capacitors C1/C2.
The occurrence of time-loss under environmental stress conditions is dependent on
motherboard factors (cleanliness, discrete component characteristics, layout, fork
capacitor values), and condensation. If time-loss is observed on your system, check all
of the sources of inaccuracy listed in this document to improve immunity of the internal
ICH/PCH oscillator to time loss.
see
more detil about RTC on intel here
:
...................................................................................................................
Reballing is a process when we lift off the defective chip and repair it by applying lead based solder on the chip and placing it back on the board or replacing the component with a new one while also applying lead based solder on it before soldering it back on the circuit board. The BGA consists of hundreds of connection densely packed together in rows or patterns to save space on the circuit. for mor detil see on this link below :
...................................................................................................................
Reballing is a process when we lift off the defective chip and repair it by applying lead based solder on the chip and placing it back on the board or replacing the component with a new one while also applying lead based solder on it before soldering it back on the circuit board. The BGA consists of hundreds of connection densely packed together in rows or patterns to save space on the circuit. for mor detil see on this link below :
BGA
Reballing Problem
How
to check resistant value to check for bad chip on this link :
Checking
Short circuit on chip on this link :
How
to Identified missing pad before placed the chip on this link :
How
to modification cooling system on chips due Over heat chip after
reballing or replacing the Chip on this link :
How
to Tracking joining pad by testing continuity on chip on this link :
LVDS(
Low-voltage differential signaling) knowing as LCD panel is a
measuring point to get know Power requarement present or
missing.Missing power on this point may cause LCD/LED lossing the
power and can't display .Inverter Supplay or inv_pwm enable signal
missing could cause back ligh off and monitor goes dark . Missing
+3VS_LCD make LCD video loos the power .BL_EN_CON is enable signal
from BL_EN and some of enable signal missing couse no output from PCH
.Trace any missing voltage and signal source to found the problem
,try to inject any missing voltage from psu and if they work,we just
need to get same voltage from somewhere near to jumper.see on this
link for more detil :
40
pin LCD PANEL
Missing LCD VIN 19V will couse Inverter off ,no back ligh will happen
Missing LCD VIN 19V will couse Inverter off ,no back ligh will happen
30
Pin LCD PANEL
Misssing DIS_OFF will couse LCD/LED off ,this enable signal come from BK_OF and finaly signalized from Embedded controler (KB930QF).LCD POWER CIRCUIT also get enable signal from PCH and VGA to activated +LCDVDD_CONN.
Misssing DIS_OFF will couse LCD/LED off ,this enable signal come from BK_OF and finaly signalized from Embedded controler (KB930QF).LCD POWER CIRCUIT also get enable signal from PCH and VGA to activated +LCDVDD_CONN.
To
get more confident check also Group Foto Album ,there is 19 Album and
every single album and foto having tutorial on it ..Check Also File
on the group to get an other tutorial ,Scematic and Bios back up
according each single PCB code .
